脫硫塔是對工業廢氣進行脫硫處理的塔式設備。脫硫塔最初以花崗巖砌筑的應用的最為廣泛，其利用水膜脫硫除塵原理，又名花崗巖水膜脫硫除塵器，或名麻石水膜脫硫除塵器。
優點是易維護，且可通過配制不同的除塵劑，同時達到除塵和脫硫(脫氮)的效果?，F在隨著玻璃鋼技術的發展，脫硫塔逐漸改為用玻璃鋼制造。相比花崗巖脫硫塔，玻璃鋼脫硫塔成本低、加工容易、不銹不爛、重量輕，因此成為今后脫硫塔的發展趨勢。另外316L不銹鋼具有耐腐蝕、耐高溫、耐磨損三大優勢，也是脫硫塔發展重要趨勢之一。經過多年的改進，已發展成文丘里型、旋流板型、旋流柱型、浮球型、篩板型、氣動乳化型等各種類型的脫硫塔，設備技術日趨成熟，各有優點和不足，企業可依自身需要選用不同類型。
脫硫要求
對脫硫塔的煙氣脫硫的大型脫硫裝置稱為脫硫塔，而用于燃煤工業鍋爐和窯爐煙氣脫硫的小型脫硫除塵裝置多稱為脫硫除塵器。在脫硫塔和脫硫除塵器中，應含SO2的煙氣，對煙氣中的SO2進行化學吸收。為了強化吸收過程，提高脫硫效率，降低設備的投資和運行費用，脫硫塔和脫硫除塵器應滿足以下的基本要求:
(1)氣液間有較大的接觸面積和一定的接觸時間;
(2)氣液間擾動強烈，吸收阻力小，對SO2的吸收效率高;
(3)操作穩定，要有合適的操作彈性;
(4)氣流通過時的壓降要小;
(5)結構簡單，制造及維修方便，造價低廉，使用壽命長;
(6)不結垢，不堵塞，耐磨損，耐腐蝕;
(7)能耗低，不產生二次污染。
SO2吸收凈化過程，處理的是低濃度SO2煙氣，煙氣量相當可觀，要求瞬間內連續不斷地高效凈化煙氣。因而，SO2參加的化學反應應為極快反應，它們的膜內轉化系數值較大，反應在膜內發生，因此選用氣相為連續相、湍流程度高、相界面較大的吸收塔作為脫硫塔和脫硫除塵器比較合適。通常，噴淋塔、填料塔、噴霧塔、板式塔、文丘里吸收塔等能滿足這些要求。其中，噴淋塔是使用最為廣泛的脫硫塔類型之一，噴淋塔具有結構簡單，工藝成熟可靠的優點，廣泛應用于大型電廠，中小型低硫煙氣治理;對于高硫煙氣治理，有色行業以氣動乳化脫硫塔、多層噴淋塔等為主。
常見吸收塔的性能
國內外燃煤電廠常用的脫硫塔，主要有噴淋空塔、填料塔、雙回路塔及噴射鼓炮塔等四種。
保護措施
脫硫系統中常見的主要設備為吸收塔、煙道、煙囪、脫硫泵、增壓風機等主要設備，美嘉華技術在脫硫泵、吸收塔、煙道、煙囪等部位的防腐蝕、防磨效果顯著，現分別敘述。
Desulfurization tower is a tower equipment for desulfurization of industrial waste gas. The desulfurization tower is the most widely used in granite masonry, which uses the principle of water membrane desulfurization and dust removal, also known as the granite water membrane desulfurization dust collector, or named ma Shi Shui membrane desulfurization dust collector.
The invention has the advantages of easy maintenance, and can achieve the effects of dust removal and desulfurization ( denitrification ) simultaneously by preparing different dust removers. Now with the development of FRP technology, the desulfurization tower is gradually changed to be made of FRP. Compared with granite desulfurization tower, glass fiber reinforced plastic desulfurization tower has low cost, easy processing, stainless steel, light weight, so it has become the development trend of desulfurization tower in the future. In addition, 316l stainless steel has three advantages of corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and wear resistance, and is also one of the important trends of desulfurization tower development. After years of improvement, has developed into venturi type, cyclone plate type, cyclone column type, floating ball type, sieve plate type, pneumatic emulsification type and other types of desulfurization tower, equipment technology is becoming more and more mature, each has its advantages and disadvantages, enterprises can choose different types according to their own needs.
Desulfurization requirements
The large-scale desulfurization device for flue gas desulfurization of the desulfurization tower is called the desulfurization tower, and the small-scale desulfurization and dedusting device for flue gas desulfurization of coal-fired industrial boilers and kilns is often called the desulfurization and dedusting device. In the desulfurization tower and desulfurization dust collector, should contain SO2 flue gas, SO2 in flue gas chemical absorption. In order to strengthen the absorption process, improve desulfurization efficiency, reduce equipment investment and operating costs, desulfurization tower and desulfurization dust catcher should meet the following basic requirements:
( 1 ) there is a large contact area and a certain contact time between gas and liquid;
( 2 ) the gas-liquid interaction is strong, the absorption resistance is small, and the absorption efficiency of SO2 is high;
( 3 ) stable operation, should have the appropriate operation flexibility;
( 4 ) the pressure drop when the air flow passes is small;
( 5 ) simple structure, convenient manufacture and maintenance, low manufacturing cost and long service life;
( 6 ) no scaling, no blockage, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance;
( 7 ) low energy consumption, no secondary pollution.
So2 absorption and purification process, the treatment of low concentration of SO2 flue gas, flue gas volume is considerable, requires continuous and efficient purification of flue gas in an instant. Therefore, SO2 in the chemical reaction is very fast reaction, their membrane conversion coefficient value is larger, the reaction occurs in the membrane, so it is more appropriate to choose the gas phase as the continuous phase, high degree of turbulence, large phase interface absorption tower as desulfurization tower and desulfurization dust collector. Typically, spray towers, packing towers, spray towers, plate towers, venturi absorption towers, etc. can meet these requirements. Among them, spray tower is one of the most widely used desulfurization tower type, spray tower has the advantages of simple structure, mature and reliable technology, widely used in large power plants, small and medium-sized low sulfur flue gas treatment; For high sulfur flue gas treatment, the non-ferrous industry is given priority to with pneumatic emulsification desulfurization tower, multi-layer spray tower, etc.
Performance of common absorption towers
Desulfurization tower commonly used in coal-fired power plants at home and abroad, there are four main spray empty tower, packing tower, double loop tower and spray drum tower.
Protection measures
The main equipment commonly used in desulfurization system is absorption tower, flue, chimney, desulfurization pump, booster fan and other main equipment, meijiahua technology in desulfurization pump, absorption tower, flue, chimney and other parts of the anti-corrosion and anti-wear effect is obvious, are described separately.
